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Sr.No.
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Scientific Process
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Definition
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1
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Adiabatic process
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It is a process in which no heat enters or leaves a system. An
adiabatic expansion results in cooling of a gas whereas an adiabatic
compression has the opposite effect.
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2
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Advection
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The transfer of heat or matter by the flow of a fluid, esp.
horizontally in the atmosphere or the sea.
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3
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Chromatography
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The separation of mixtures into their constituents by
preferential adsorption by a solid, as a column of silica (column
chromatography) or a strip of filter
paper (paper chromatography) or by a
gel.
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4
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Combustion
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The process of combination of a substance with oxygen producing
heat and light.
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5
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Condensation
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It is the change of the physical state of matter from gaseous
phase into liquid phase.
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6
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Conductance
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It is the ability of a system to conduct electricity, measured
by the ratio of the current flowing through the system to the potential
difference across it.
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7
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Decomposition
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The process breakdown of a substance into simpler chemical
forms.
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8
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Degeneracy
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Things (usually orbitals) are said to be degenerate if they have
the same energy. This term is used in quantum mechanics.
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9
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Diffraction
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Change in the directions and intensities of a group of waves
after passing by an obstacle or through an aperture whose size is
approximately the same as the wavelength of the waves.
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10
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Diffusion
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It is the process by which fluids and solids mix intimately with
one another due to the kinetic motions of the particles.
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11
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Dilution
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The process of making weaker or less concentrated.
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12
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Distillation
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This is when you separate a mixture of liquids by heating it
up. The one with the lowest boiling
point evaporates first, followed by the one with the next lowest boiling point, etc.
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13
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Double-displacement reaction
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The reactions in which the cations of two ionic compounds switch
places.
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14
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Effusion
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The flow of a gas through a small aperture under pressure, esp
when the density is such that the mean distance between molecules is large
compared to the diameter of the aperture.
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15
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Electrolysis
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Process in which electricity is used to break apart a chemical
compound.
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16
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Equilibrium
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The state of a chemical reaction in which its forward and
reverse reactions occur at equal rates so that the concentration of the
reactants and products does not change with time.
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17
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Fermentation
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Process of incomplete oxidation that occur in microbes and other
cells in absence of oxygen, leading to the formation of ethyl alcohol.
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18
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Fusion
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A nuclear reaction in which nuclei of hydrogen combine to form
more massive nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy.
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19
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Galvanization
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Galvanization (or galvanisation) is the process of applying a
protective zinc coating to steel or iron, in order to prevent rusting.
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20
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Isothermal
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An isothermal process is a process or change taking place at
constant temperature.
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21
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Irreversible reaction
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Chemical reactions which proceed to completion in one direction
only are known as irreversible reactions. In irreversible reactions reactants
are completely converted into products in a certain interval of time. In
these reactions products do not form reactants again.
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22
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Neutralization reaction
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The reaction of an acid with a base to form water and a salt.
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23
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Nuclear fission
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It is splitting up of a heavy atom (e.g. uranium in two or more
new atoms) with enormous release of energy.
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24
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Nuclear chain reaction
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Nuclear chain reaction occurs in radioactive elements charging
the nuclei of atoms and yielding atoms of different elements or isotopes of
the original elements.
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25
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Photosynthesis
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The process in green plants and certain other organisms by which
carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water using light as an
energy source. Most forms of photosynthesis release oxygen as a by-product.
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26
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Reversible reaction
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A reaction in which the products can make reagents, as well as
the reagents making products.
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27
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Vaporization
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Vaporization of an element or compound is a phase transition
from the liquid phase to gas phase.
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28
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Total internal reflection
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It is the phenomenon in which light when traversing from an
optically denser to an optically rarer medium strikes the common surface of
the two media at such an angle that it is reflected completely in the former
medium.
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